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European Starlings |
Starlings are probably not anyone's favorite bird but their history is pretty interesting! Here's some cool facts taken from Cornell's All About Birds site.
www.allaboutbirds.org
All the European Starlings in North America descended from 100 birds set
loose in New York's Central Park in the early 1890s. The birds were
intentionally released by a group who wanted America to have all the
birds that Shakespeare ever mentioned. It took several tries, but
eventually the population took off. Today, more than 200 million
European Starlings range from Alaska to Mexico.
. Because of their recent arrival in North America, all of our starlings
are closely related. Genetically, individuals from Virginia are nearly
indistinguishable from starlings sampled in California, 3,000 miles
away. Such little genetic variation often spells trouble for rare
species, but seems to offer no ill effects to starlings so far.
Starlings turn from spotted and white to glossy and dark each year
without shedding their feathers. The new feathers they grow in fall have
bold white tips – that’s what gives them their spots. By spring, these
tips have worn away, and the rest of the feather is dark and iridescent
brown. It’s an unusual changing act that scientists term “wear molt.”
Starlings are great vocal mimics: individuals can learn the calls of up
to 20 different species. Birds whose songs starlings often copy include
the Eastern Wood-Pewee, Killdeer, meadowlarks, Northern Bobwhite, Wood
Thrush, Red-tailed Hawk, American Robin, Northern Flicker, and many
others.
Males attract mates by singing near a nest site they’ve claimed and
flapping their wings in circles at the same time. After they’ve paired,
males follow their mates everywhere, chasing off other males. Starlings
are extremely aggressive birds that drive other species from nest sites
they want to use.
Populations in North America are stable. This recent and extremely
successful arrival to North America is a fierce competitor for nest
cavities. Starlings often take over the nests of native birds, expelling
the occupants. With so many starlings around, this causes some concern
about their effect on native bird populations. Nevertheless, a study in
2003 found few actual effects on populations of 27 native species. Only
sapsuckers showed declines due to starlings; other species appeared to
be holding their own against the invaders.